Genotypic characterization of biofilm in Staphylococcus aureus in respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections

Jamal, Saja Kh; Farhan, Rafal Khaleel

doi:10.21608/mid.2024.311722.2154

Genotypic characterization of biofilm in Staphylococcus aureus in respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq

10.21608/mid.2024.311722.2154

Abstract

Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a prevalent human pathogen responsible for a wide range of diseases, particularly infections of the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Biofilm formation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of S. aureus infections, enabling the bacteria to evade the host immune response and resist the effects of antibiotics. Understanding the genetic characteristics of biofilm formation in S. aureus isolates is essential for developing effective strategies to combat these infections. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 37 S. aureus isolates obtained from patients with respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses at Tikrit Teaching Hospital in Iraq. Biofilm formation was assessed using qualitative (Congo red agar), quantitative (microtiter test), and molecular (PCR for the icaA gene) approaches. Results: The study revealed a significant prevalence of biofilm formation among the S. aureus isolates. Specifically, 67.6% of the isolates exhibited biofilm formation on Congo red agar, 100% demonstrated biofilm formation in the microtiter experiment, and all isolates harbored the icaA gene, a key regulator of biofilm formation. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the critical role of biofilm formation in the pathogenesis of S. aureus infections in the studied clinical setting. The universal presence of the icaA gene underscores the importance of considering this virulence factor in the management of S. aureus infections. The substantial prevalence of biofilm formation emphasizes the need for further research to develop strategies that effectively target biofilm formation in S. aureus. Such advancements could lead to improved treatment outcomes and reduced morbidity associated with S. aureus infections.

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