Biofilm formation and persistence in antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli: nanoparticle strategies for managing conjugative resistance

Abdulwahhab, Ahmed; Al Marjani, Mohammed; Abdulghany, Zayneb

doi:10.21608/mid.2024.314220.2164

Biofilm formation and persistence in antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli: nanoparticle strategies for managing conjugative resistance

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Biology Department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.

² Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq

10.21608/mid.2024.314220.2164

Abstract

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a common bacterium that colonizes the human intestine and can infect multiple body systems. One of its key survival strategies is the production of biofilm, which facilitates the development of persister cells that evade antibiotic treatment, leading to recurrent infections worldwide. Aim: This study aims to investigate the role of biofilm formation in the development of E. coli persister cells and assess the impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on biofilm production and antibiotic resistance gene transfer. Methods: Fifty clinical E. coli isolates were obtained from urine, stool, wound, and burn samples. Biochemical identification was performed using the VITEK 2 system, and persister cells were detected through a rapid killing assay. Biofilm formation was evaluated using the microtiter plate method, while the antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs and their influence on antibiotic resistance gene transfer via conjugation were also tested. Results: Among the 50 isolates, 14 (28%) did not form biofilms, 24 (48%) were weak biofilm formers, 11 (22%) were moderate biofilm formers, and 1 (2%) was a strong biofilm former. Two samples were identified as persister cells, which exhibited moderate biofilm formation and demonstrated the ability to transfer their aminoglycoside resistance gene through conjugation. Conclusion: The formation of biofilm plays a crucial role in the survival of E. coli and the development of persister cells. Understanding the mechanisms behind persister cell formation and biofilm production is essential for developing new therapeutic strategies to combat persistent bacterial infections and reduce antibiotic resistance.

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